{"id":5277,"date":"2026-01-06T16:02:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T15:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinique2050.com\/les-refugies-environnementaux\/"},"modified":"2026-01-09T16:25:47","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T15:25:47","slug":"les-refugies-environnementaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinique2050.com\/en\/les-refugies-environnementaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s environnementaux"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

On retrouve souvent \u00e0 la une des m\u00e9dias<\/span>,<\/span> des <\/span>r\u00e9cits<\/span> tragiques de migrants qui <\/span>ont tent\u00e9<\/span> en vain de fuir<\/span> leur<\/span>s<\/span> pays\u00a0; m<\/span>ais, il existe <\/span>aujourd\u2019hui un type de <\/span>r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s <\/span>dont on ne parle pas et <\/span>qui m\u00e9rite<\/span>raient <\/span>une attention particuli\u00e8re<\/span>, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatiques<\/span> ou environnementaux<\/span>. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans un contexte environnemental <\/span>boulevers\u00e9 <\/span>(hausse des temp\u00e9ratures, mont\u00e9e des eaux, accroissement des \u00e9m<\/span>issions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre<\/span>, etc.<\/span>), les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatiques ou <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span>\u00e9cor\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/span>\u00a0\u00bb<\/span> repr\u00e9sentent une r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Bien que les chiffres ne soient pas pr\u00e9cis et varient selon les <\/span>sources<\/span>, le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatiques est en augmentation constante.<\/span> En 2013, <\/span>les catastrophes naturelles ont provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de trois fois plus de personnes que les conflits. <\/span>Les <\/span>r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatiques pourrai<\/span>en<\/span>t bien <\/span>devenir<\/span> le <\/span>probl\u00e8me<\/span> majeur <\/span>du <\/span>XXI<\/span>e<\/span> si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Cette <\/span>expression <\/span>d\u00e9signe toutes les \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>personnes ou groupes de personnes qui, pour des raisons li\u00e9es \u00e0 un changement environnemental soudain ou progressif<\/span>,<\/span> influant n\u00e9gativement sur leur vie ou leurs conditions de vie, sont contraintes de quitter leur foyer ou le quittent de leur propre initiative, temporairement ou d\u00e9finitivement, et qui, de ce fait, se d\u00e9placent \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur pays ou en sortent <\/span>\u00bb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Il s\u2019agit donc de <\/span>personnes qui sont <\/span>contraint<\/span>e<\/span>s<\/span> de\u00a0<\/span>se d\u00e9placer<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>en raison<\/span> de la d\u00e9gradation de leur environnement<\/span>, ce dernier ne <\/span>leur permet<\/span>tant<\/span> plus de vivre <\/span>dignement<\/span>, <\/span>de vivre <\/span>en s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span>,<\/span> and<\/span>\/ou<\/span> de <\/span>subvenir \u00e0 leurs\u00a0<\/span>besoins primaires<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019<\/span>Organisation des Nations Unies (<\/span>ONU<\/span>)<\/span>, environ 20 millions de personnes <\/span>se sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es<\/span> ou <\/span>ont d\u00fb \u00eatre <\/span>d\u00e9plac\u00e9es pour des raisons environnementales\u00a0: fonte des glaces, salinisation des terres arables, pollution des nappes phr\u00e9atiques<\/span>, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quelles sont l<\/span>es<\/span> causes des migrations environnementales<\/span>\u00a0?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"

Les<\/span> modifications\u00a0<\/span>climatiques<\/span><\/a> (<\/span>la mont\u00e9e <\/span>du <\/span>niveau des oc\u00e9ans<\/span>, par exemple) sont aussi un facteur \u00e0 <\/span>ne pas n\u00e9gliger<\/span>.<\/span> L\u2019ONU <\/span>estime<\/span> que dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir, <\/span>8<\/span><\/a> \u00e0 <\/span>50 millions <\/span>de personnes<\/span> pourraient\u00a0\u00eatre contraint<\/span>e<\/span>s de quitter leur lieu de vie<\/span>,<\/span> en raison des cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique<\/span>. Ces populations sont celles qui seront touch\u00e9es par l\u2019<\/span>avanc\u00e9e<\/span> du d\u00e9sert de <\/span>Gobi<\/span> en Chine<\/span> (qui <\/span>gagne chaque ann\u00e9e<\/span> 10<\/span>000\u00a0km<\/span>2<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>environ)<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>par <\/span>les <\/span>inondations<\/span><\/a>chroniques<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>du <\/span>Bangladesh<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and <\/span>du<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>delta du Nil<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>mais aussi et surtout par <\/span>the <\/span>submersion d<\/span>es archipels<\/span>\u00a0comme<\/span> celui des<\/span> Tuvalu<\/span>, par exemple<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>d\u00e9sertification menace <\/span>aussi <\/span>les marges de l\u2019Europe, dont la<\/span> Turquie<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0concern\u00e9e <\/span>par\u00a0160<\/span>000\u00a0km<\/span>2<\/span>\u00a0de sols <\/span>potentiellement <\/span>cultivables, <\/span>mais totalement <\/span>d\u00e9grad\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9rosion et le manque d\u2019eau. En \u00c9gypte ce sont environ 50\u00a0% des terres arables irrigu\u00e9es qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 touch\u00e9es par la salinisation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

En 2013, pr\u00e8s de <\/span>22 millions de personnes ont d\u00fb abandonner leur domicile \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une catastrophe nature<\/span>lle.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Quelles sont les cons\u00e9quences de cette situation\u00a0?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"

I<\/span>l existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 des exemples de migrations environnementales, qu\u2019il convient <\/span>toutefois <\/span>d\u2019\u00e9tudier avec <\/span>prudence<\/span>. En effet, ces migrations sont certes li\u00e9es \u00e0 des manifestations climatiques, mais corr\u00e9l\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u2019autres facteurs qui ont aggrav\u00e9 le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les habitants de<\/span> l\u2019atoll de<\/span> Carteret<\/span>\u00a0sont <\/span>souvent <\/span>consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les premiers r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s <\/span>climatiques<\/span> de l\u2019histoire<\/span>, <\/span>car en 2005 ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 oblig\u00e9s de <\/span>migrer \u00e0 cause de la mont\u00e9e du<\/span>niveau de la mer<\/span><\/a> : dix familles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en charge par le gouvernement de<\/span> Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e<\/span><\/a>. <\/span>Toujours en <\/span>2005, la moiti\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00eele <\/span>de <\/span>Bhola<\/span>, au\u00a0<\/span>Bangladesh<\/span><\/a>, a \u00e9t\u00e9 engloutie par les eaux,\u00a0<\/span>catastrophe<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 la suite de laquelle 500<\/span>000 personnes se sont retrouv\u00e9es\u00a0<\/span>sans-abris<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Si aucune r\u00e9gion du monde n\u2019est \u00e9pargn\u00e9e, l\u2019Asie reste de loin la plus touch\u00e9e avec 19<\/span>millions de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s <\/span>du fait<\/span> des <\/span>inondations, de<\/span>s<\/span> temp\u00eates<\/span>,<\/span> ou <\/span>encore <\/span>de<\/span>s<\/span> s\u00e9ismes. La surpopulation et la fr\u00e9quence des cataclysmes<\/span>,<\/span> font du continent asiatique le th\u00e9\u00e2tre pr<\/span>ivil\u00e9gi\u00e9 de l\u2019exode climatique<\/span> et\/ou environnemental<\/span>. E<\/span>ntre 2008 et 2013, 80<\/span> % des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatiques venaient d\u2019Asie.<\/span> A titre d\u2019exemple, l<\/span>e<\/span> typhon <\/span>Haiyan<\/span> qui a touch\u00e9 les Philippines en novembre 2013 a pro<\/span>voqu\u00e9<\/span> le d\u00e9placement de 4,1 millions <\/span>de personnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

L\u2019Afrique <\/span>ne doit <\/span>cependant pas \u00eatre oubli\u00e9e\u00a0;<\/span> 8 des 20 catastrophes les plus <\/span>meurtri\u00e8res des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies<\/span> ont eu lieu en Afrique subsaharienne. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s <\/span>ne sont pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9<\/span>s\u00a0;<\/span> on peut citer le cas du Japon<\/span>,<\/span> avec le typhon qui a <\/span>d\u00e9truit<\/span> la r\u00e9gion de <\/span>Chubu<\/span>, d<\/span>es Etats-Unis avec le<\/span>s tornades <\/span>de<\/span> l\u2019<\/span>Oklahoma<\/span>, et <\/span>du<\/span> Canada avec le<\/span>s inondations en <\/span>Alberta<\/span> qui <\/span>ont<\/span> entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de<\/span> 600<\/span>000 personnes.<\/span> En 2012<\/span>, 1,<\/span>8 millions d\u2019am\u00e9ricains <\/span>ont d\u00fb quitter leur <\/span>domicile<\/span> en raison<\/span> des catastrophes naturelles<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au cours d<\/span>es six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les pays o\u00f9 l\u2019on <\/span>a recens\u00e9<\/span> le plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s environnementaux sont<\/span>\u00a0:<\/span> les Philippines, <\/span>le Japon, <\/span>la Chine, le Pakistan, le Bangladesh, le Nigeria, et les Etats-Unis<\/span>.<\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Si l\u2019exode se <\/span>d\u00e9veloppe<\/span> principalement \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des<\/span> pays <\/span>concern\u00e9<\/span>s<\/span>, <\/span>en 2010 <\/span>there is <\/span>tout de m\u00eame <\/span>eu plus de 3<\/span>58<\/span>800 demandes d\u2019asile d\u00e9pos\u00e9es dans le<\/span>s pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s. Les cinq<\/span>premi\u00e8res destinations des demandeurs d\u2019asile <\/span>furent<\/span> : l<\/span>es Etats-Unis (55530 demandes),\u00a0 la France (47800) et l\u2019Allemagne (41330)\u00a0; v<\/span>iennent ensuite la Su\u00e8de et le Canada.<\/span><\/p>\n

De c<\/span>es migrations environnementales<\/span> d\u00e9coulent indirectement une multitude de questionnements <\/span>qu\u2019<\/span>il est important de prendre en compte. Ainsi, les Etats et <\/span>les<\/span> instances <\/span>internationales <\/span>doivent s\u2019interroger sur le statut de ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil des pays <\/span>vers lesquels ils se dirigent massivement, <\/span>mais surtout sur les moyens <\/span>visant \u00e0<\/span> limiter les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts environnementaux<\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de ces migrations<\/span>. La COP 21 qui se tiendra <\/span>du 30 novembre au 15 d\u00e9cembre <\/span>\u00e0 Paris sera l<\/span>\u2019occasion de poser<\/span> tou<\/span>s <\/span>ces <\/span>probl\u00e8me<\/span>s<\/span>,<\/span> mais <\/span>surtout de tenter d<\/span>e les r\u00e9soudre<\/span> \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Linsey MONPELAT, Pascal SAFFACHE<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On retrouve souvent \u00e0 la une des m\u00e9dias, des r\u00e9cits tragiques de migrants qui ont tent\u00e9 en vain de fuir leurs pays\u00a0; mais, il existe aujourd\u2019hui un type de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dont on ne parle pas et qui m\u00e9riteraient une attention particuli\u00e8re, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatiques ou environnementaux. Dans un contexte environnemental boulevers\u00e9 (hausse des temp\u00e9ratures, mont\u00e9e …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1550],"tags":[1757,2064,1489],"class_list":["post-5277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education-env-dev-durable","tag-linsey-monpelat","tag-refugies-climatique","tag-saffache"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s environnementaux - martinique2050<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On retrouve souvent \u00e0 la une des m\u00e9dias, des r\u00e9cits tragiques de migrants qui ont tent\u00e9 en vain de fuir leurs pays\u00a0; mais, il existe aujourd\u2019hui un type\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/martinique2050.com\/en\/les-refugies-environnementaux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s environnementaux - martinique2050\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On retrouve souvent \u00e0 la une des m\u00e9dias, des r\u00e9cits tragiques de migrants qui ont tent\u00e9 en vain de fuir leurs pays\u00a0; mais, il existe aujourd\u2019hui un type\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/martinique2050.com\/en\/les-refugies-environnementaux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"martinique2050\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-06T15:02:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-09T15:25:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/martinique2050.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/refugies_environementaux.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"616\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"226\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"martinique2050\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"martinique2050\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinique2050.com\\\/les-refugies-environnementaux\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinique2050.com\\\/les-refugies-environnementaux\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"martinique2050\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinique2050.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d9b29cf45d6eea53a023ae8317dc468a\"},\"headline\":\"Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s environnementaux\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-06T15:02:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-09T15:25:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinique2050.com\\\/les-refugies-environnementaux\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1222,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinique2050.com\\\/les-refugies-environnementaux\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/martinique2050.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/refugies_environementaux.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Linsey MONPELAT\",\"r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatique\",\"Saffache\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Education Env. & D\u00e9v. 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